International aid, irrigation, and food crisis

A recent video done by an uper on bilibili (a Chinese youtube-like platform) talked about the international aid from China to Africa. In discussing the positive and negative effects of international aid, the uper raised one interesting book written by Dambisa Moyo: Dead aid (Wang 2022). In this book, she argues that direct foreign aid such as those food aid is actually leading to food shortage as it could destruct the will of African farmers to plant by themselves and lead to lower the price of crops. Therefore, the aid disturbs the normal operation of the irrigation systems and agricultural production of African countries (Moyo 2009).


Interview with Dambisa Moyo done by ABC discussing the foreign aid


Meanwhile, those indirect aids from the Western World that aim to increase the agricultural productivity of African countries by improving irrigation systems could negatively impact local development as well such as the Bakolori Dam in Nigeria. This dam reduced the magnitude of local floods and led to a decrease in fishing activities and the growth of low-value millet and sorghum crops instead of rice (Adams 1985).

 

But here I am not arguing that all foreign aid to agriculture in Africa should be denied. For instance, the AGRA helps to expand agricultural production in Rwanda by providing better seeds and assisting the farmers to sell them. As an institution mainly funded by the west, it clearly would strengthen Rwanda's reliance on the west, but as it could bring actual benefit to the people, it seems not proper to deny the value of this project (AGRA 2020). As Yash Tandon (2008) argued in the book Ending Aid Dependence, the most accessible way to control the effects of these development projects to solve the food shortage might be to integrate foreign aid into the development framework decided by Africa itself. In other words, privilege African voice.

 

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